AppleScript is an amazing, quirky tool within the macOS ecosystem. It enables you to control any application on your Mac, even if the original developer didn’t explicitly write an API for it. This can be incredibly useful when attempting to automate certain actions. However, the language is incredibly weird and confusing, especially to a "real" software developer. I’ve compiled a list of tips and tricks below that help me write various tools and scripts to automate my computer (I’ve written about applescript before in case you are looking for other tricks).

Get Process Reference by Application Path

Here’s how to get all of the process paths currently running:

tell application "System Events"
    set processList to get the POSIX path of application file of every process
end tell

And here’s how to get a particular process reference based on an input path and use it with "System Events"

tell application "System Events"
    set processID to (id of 1st process whose POSIX path of application file is appPath)
    tell process id processID
        UI elements
    end tell
end tell

Note that id is used and not unix id. id is a non-standard applescript id that can be used with tell process.

Retrieve All UI Elements

UI elements is a special command that can be used to retrieve all elements of a process:

tell application "System Events"
  tell process "Finder"
    UI Elements
  end tell
end tell

You can also get UI elements of a particular UI element:

tell application "System Events"
  tell process "Finder"
    UI Elements of window 1
  end tell
end tell

This can be particularly helpful when combined with the "Accessibility inspector" application.

Inspecting Properties of an Object

tell application "System Events"
  return properties of service "Test VPN" of network preferences
end tell

Getting a List of Running Processes

tell application "System Events"
  return processes
end tell

Targeting Modals

Depending exactly on how the application is architected, modals are generally represented as a sheet in AppleScript lingo. This means to target the button within the modal, you need to retrieve the sheet and then target the button within that sheet. Here’s an example:

tell application "System Events"
    tell process "App Name"
        set frontmost to true
          click button "Yes" of sheet 1 of window i
        end tell
    end tell
end tell

Note that in the application inspector, an alert dialog is represented as an alert. It’s only when attempting to target a button within the alert via system events that you must use the sheet terminology.

Check if Application is Running

Helpful for returning early if the application is not running that you are trying to manipulate (credit).

on is_running(appName)
    tell application "System Events" to (name of processes) contains appName
end is_running

if is_running("Finder") is false then return

Closing an Application’s Modal Dialog Window

This involves simulating the pressing of the escape key on the dialog window.

tell application "System Events"
    tell process "Process Name"
        set frontmost to true
        -- escape key
        key code 53
    end tell
end tell

POSIX Path of Home Folder

POSIX path of (path to home folder) as string

Example: Automatically Logging Out of Twitter

Here’s an example of the type of scripts that I’ll whip up using these tricks. I don’t enjoy most social media, but I really enjoy Twitter. It’s such a fun place to find new ideas and run into interesting people. However, I try to control my usage as much as I can, which means I attempt to block Twitter and log out of it at the beginning of each day.

Here’s a script I use to automatically log out of Twitter when my computer starts up (here’s the full script):

tell application "Safari"
  log "Opening Twitter"
  activate
  open location "https://twitter.com/logout"
end tell

tell application "System Events"
  tell process "Safari"
    delay 2
    log "Attempting to log out"
    click button "Log out" of group 1 of group 1 of group 1 of UI element 1 of scroll area 1 of group 1 of group 1 of tab group 1 of splitter group 1 of window 1
    delay 1
  end tell
end tell

tell application "Safari"
  log "Closing twitter page"
  close current tab of front window
end tell

Example: Automatically Quitting LinkedIn Helper

LinkedIn helper is a really interesting automation tool for LinkedIn. It’s very hacky, so you want to make sure it’s not running except when you intend to be using it. Here’s a script I wrote to make sure it’s quit every morning:

on quitLinkedHelper()
    try
        tell application "linked-helper" to quit
    on error errMsg
        log "Error quitting linked-helper: " & errMsg
    end try
end quitLinkedHelper

on is_running(appName)
    tell application "System Events" to (name of processes) contains appName
end is_running

if is_running("linked-helper") is false then return

quitLinkedHelper()
delay 2

set appPath to "/Applications/linked-helper.app"
set subAppPath to "/Applications/linked-helper.app/Contents/Resources/out/linked-helper.app"

tell application "System Events"
    set processID to (id of the first process whose POSIX path of application file is subAppPath)
    tell process id processID
        set frontmost to true
        repeat with i from 1 to 4
            try
                -- Attempt to click the "Yes" button on sheet 1 of each window, which one the modal is on changes each time
                click button "Yes" of sheet 1 of window i
                -- Exit the loop if the click succeeds
                exit repeat
            on error errMsg
                -- Log the error and continue to the next window
                log "Error clicking on window " & i & ": " & errMsg
            end try
        end repeat
    end tell
end tell

delay 5

quitLinkedHelper()